1. 主语(subject)：句子说明的人或事物。

　　The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)

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　　Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)

　　To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

　　It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

　　(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

　　(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词

　　① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

　　② There is an old man coming here.

　　③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

　　④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

　　2. 谓语(predicate)：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

　　We study English. He is asleep.

　　(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

　　① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall

　　② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

　　③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

　　④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

　　A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

　　⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

　　3. 表语(predicative)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

　　He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)

　　Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)

　　His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

　　My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

　　The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

　　(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)……

　　It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

　　Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

　　The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

　　The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

　　(三) 挑出下列句中的表语

　　① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?

　　③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

　　⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

　　4. 宾语：1)动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：

　　I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

　　How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

　　I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

　　2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

　　Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　　3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

　　He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

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