来源:新东方在线
发布时间:2017-04-18
一、概念
主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,但主语为动作的承受者,表示“……已经被……”。如:
The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。
二、形式
现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/ has been done。如:
The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/ has not been done。如:
Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如:
Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?
现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词 have /has been done? 如:
Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?
三、注意
在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下四点:
1. 过去分词前的助动词的形式是have /has been,不可漏掉其中的任何一个。
【误】Many new buildings been built since 1980.
【正】Many new buildings have been built since 1980.
【析】谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。
2. 必须表示被动。如:
【误】Something bad has been happened to him.
【正】Something bad has happened to him.
【析】被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词,不及物动词没有被动语态。
【误】The door has been opened of itself.
【正】The door has opened of itself.
【析】有些动词如open,break,drop等既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,若不强调谁是动作的发出者,我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”,因此,此句不可用被动语态。
【误】I have introduced to Mr Smith.
【正】I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).
【析】introduce为及物动词,I是introduce动作的承受者,应用被动语态。
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