阅读理解试题的做题方法我们称之为还原定位法，即把试题准确地在原文中进行定位，找到答案所在的句子。这种方法的运用有三个步骤：

　　先看试题，后读原文。

　　这样做既节省了时间，又提高了做题的效率和准确度。

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　　对试题在原文中的位置进行模糊定位。

　　因为试题的出题顺序和文章的叙述顺序存在高度的一致性。

　　对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位。

　　对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位的前提是抓住试题中的标志词和关键词。标志词主要包括①专有名词，是指表示人名、地名和组织机构等的名词，这样的名词在文章中一般都要大写;②表示时间或年代的词;③专业词汇，这样的词汇一般都是比较难懂，一般是我们不认识的词汇。关键词是指表达试题内容的中心词，一般是试题中的名词和名词词组。

　　下面我们以2005年理工类B级中一篇阅读理解为例，详细解说一下这种方法在实战考试中的运用。

　　阅读理解

　　Almost Human?

　　Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot. This is not science fiction： somesay they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports.

　　Machines that walk， speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name of an android(机器人)which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)。 (31)Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotions.Its eyes，ears and lips move to show when it feels happy， sad or bored.Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids——robots that look like human beings——which Can imitate human feelings. (32) Cog， another android invented by the MIT， imitates the action of a mother. However， scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a two—year—old.

　　(33)The optimists(乐观主义者)say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(机器人)with brains similar to those of all adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do? (34)In the future， robots like Robonaut， a humanoid invented by NASA， will be doing dangerous jobs， like repairing space stations. They will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan， scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.

　　Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物)?Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro—computers，connected to the Internet，in the future.People will have micro—chips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小装置)。Perhaps we should not exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?

　　31. Kismetis different from traditional robots because

　　A. it thinks for itself

　　B. It is not like science fiction

　　C. it can look after two—year-old.

　　D. it seems to have human feelings.

　　解：本题的标志词是Kismet，关键词组是different from traditional robots，我们在文章第二段的第二句话中找到了试题在文章中的位置，细细读这句话。选项D和这句话的意思是最接近的，因为第二句话中有这样一句it Can show human emotions，选项中的feelings和文章中的emotions是同义词替换，这是阅读理解正确项的一个出题原则。因此是正确答案。

　　32. What makes Cog special?

　　A. It looks like a mother.

　　B. It behaves like a child.

　　C. It can imitate the behavior of a mother.

　　D. It has a huge brain.

　　解：本题的标志词是Cog，接着读文章，在文中寻找关于Cog的论述。关于Cog的论述出现在31题所对应的原文的后面，只有两句话，仔细读完这两句话后，我们发现选项C和原文是对应的，只是文中的单词action被替换成了他的同义词behavior，这是职称英语考试中，阅读理解选项设置的一个特点，即同义词替换。

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