课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．It is a fine day today. 今天天气好。

句中的it是指天气。又如：

Is it cold today? 今天冷吗？

No, it isn't. 不，不冷。

2．some clouds，几朵云。

some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：some tables一些椅子（可数名词），some milk一些牛奶（不可数名词）。

3．There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining. 天空中飘着几朵云，但阳光灿烂。

这句是并列句，由两个分句构成，连词but表明分句之间存在着对比及转折关系。两分句之间大多要用逗号，有时可不用逗号。

4．Mr. Jones is with his family. 琼斯先生同他的家人在一起。

句中with是介词，表示“和……一起”。family是指“家里的人”或“家庭成员”。

5．They are walking over the bridge. 他们正在过桥。

句中的over有“穿过”的意思。又如：

The aeroplane is flying over the river.

飞机正在河上飞过。

The birds are flying over the house.

鸟儿在屋上飞过。

over还可表不“在……上方”（不接触表面），如：

The sky is over our heads.

天空在我们头顶上。

6．There are some boats on the river. 河上有几艘船。

句中on意为“在……上面”（接触表面）。又如：

There is a book on the table.

桌上有一本书。

7．The ship is going under the bridge. 那船正从桥下驶过。

句中under意为“在……下面（或下方）”。如：

There is a dog under the tree.

树下有只狗。

ship一般指海洋中行驶的大船。boat一词指河中行驶的小船。另外：aeroplane（英国英语），airplane（美国英语），飞机（正式用语）； plane，飞机（非正式用语）。

语法 Grammar in use

现在进行时（2）

（请参见 Lessons 31～32语法部分。）

现在进行时的形式是由be的现在时形式 现在分词形式构成。当句中主语名词为复数或者人称代词为第2人称或第3人称复数时，be的现在时形式应为are。

词汇学习 Word study

1．jump v.

（1）跳跃；跃过：

They are jumping a ditch.

他们正跃过一个深沟。

They jumped off the wall and ran off.

他们从墙上跳下去跑掉了。

（2）略去；跳过：

He jumped the first grade in college.

他跳过大学一年级（指跳级直接升入二年级）。

（3）突然上升；猛增：

They jumped the registration fees from ￡20 to ￡50.

他们把注册费从20英镑涨到50英镑。

His company's profits jumped surprisingly last year.

他所在公司去年的利润令人惊异地飞速增加。

2．sleep

（1）v.睡觉：
He sleeps for only 4 hours every night.

他每夜只睡4个小时。

I was so excited that I could hardly sleep.

我兴奋得无法入睡。

（2）n.睡眠；睡觉：

He had a good sleep last night.

他昨天夜里睡得很酣畅。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 34

A

1 She is typing a letter.

2 She is making the bed.

3 He is coming.

4 The sun is shining.

5 He is giving me some magazines.

B

1 What are the men doing?

They're cooking a meal.

2 What are they doing?

They're sleeping.

3 What are the men doing?

They're shaving.

4 What are the children doing?

They're crying.

5 What are the dogs doing?

They're eating bones.

6 What are the women doing?

They're typing letters.

7 What are the children doing?

They're doing their home-work.

8 What are the women doing?

They're washing dishes.

9 What are the birds doing?

They're flying over the river.

10 What are they doing?

They're walking over the bridge.

11 What are the man and the woman doing?

They're waiting for a bus.

12 What are the children doing?

They're jumping off the wall.

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