课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．happen to, 发生在……身上。

What happened to you yesterday? 你昨天出什么事了？

2．a friend of mine, 我的朋友之一。

相当于one of my friends，但前者比后者显得更为亲切。

3．After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. 他们进到屋里后，走进了饭厅。

After they had entered the house 是时间状语从句，had entered 是过去完成时结构。在以after引导的时间状语从句中，用一般过去时或过去完成时没有多少差别。如果强调从句的谓语动作在主句的谓语动作之前完成，就用过去完成时。

4．turn on, 打开，拧开（电视、水源、煤气等）。

其反义词为 turn off（关上）。

语法 Grammar in use

过去完成时

构成： had 过去分词。

过去完成时主要用于表示两个事件中一个发生在前，或者说是表示较早的过去。常与现在完成时连用的副词，如 already（已经）， ever（曾经），for 表示时间段的词，just（刚刚）和never（从未）也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序。有时我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示先发生的事件，因为意思十分清楚，如：

After I finished, I went home. 我做完后就回家了。

请看例句：

She went on holiday after she had taken the exam.

她考试后度假去了。

I ran to the platform quickly, but the train had already left.

我赶快跑到站台上，但是火车已经开走了。

We had had dinner before they arrived.

他们到达之前我们就已吃饭了。

The patient had died when the doctor arrived.

大夫到达时病人已经死了。

词汇学习 Word study

1．enter v.

（1）进入；穿入：

After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room.

他们进入了房子后，就去了餐厅。

The bullet entered his heart.

子弹射入了他的心脏。

（2）参加；加入：

Four students from our university entered the final contest.

我们大学的4名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。

He entered politics when he was 27.

他在27岁时步入了政界。

2．happen v.

（1）发生：

How did the accident happen?

事故是怎么发生的？

A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

一年之前，一件奇怪的事发生在我的一位朋友身上。

（2）碰巧，恰好（to）：

I happened to meet her on my way home.

在回家的路上，我碰巧遇见了她。

I happen to know that professor.

我正好认识那位教授。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 120

A

1 He dropped the vase after he had taken it into the living room.

2 He bought another car after he had sold his old one.

3 He swept the floor after he had dusted everything.

4 She drank the milk after she had boiled it.

5 He turned off the television after he had seen the programme.

6 He went to bed after he had done his homework.

B

1 Yes, I have just seen it. I had never seen it before.

2 Yes, I have just read it. I had never read it before.

3 Yes, I have just tried it. I had never tried it before.

4 Yes, I have just been there. I had never been there before.

5 Yes, I have just written a letter in English. I had never written a letter in English before.

6 Yes, I have just watched this programme. I had never watched this programme before.

C

1 It was too late. He had already painted it.

2 It was too late. She had already dusted it.

3 It was too late. You had already telephoned him.

4 It was too late. You had already corrected it.

5 It was too late. They had already shut it.

6 It was too late. She had already made it.

D

1 I went to the doctor after I had made an appointment.

2 The boss left the office after he had finished work.

3 My wife went out after she had finished the housework.

4 My teacher gave me my exercise book after he had corrected it.

5 My sister went on holiday after she had taken the examination.

6 I bought a new car after I had sold my old one.

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