新概念英语自学导读:第二册 Lesson68

来源:新东方在线

发布时间:2016-05-21


课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来。

【随报随学】新概念1-3册体验课

孔程程 苏延奇 李延隆
课时:15

0元查看

(1)avoid 以及本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语,即只跟名词或动名词:
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他们设法躲过了一起汽车撞车事故/避免了将车撞在墙上。

(2)running 引导的是分词短语,作状语,修饰 came,表示伴随状况:
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一边追赶小偷,一边大声喊叫求助。

2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…
若再装做没看见他已是没有用了……

这句话中,it是先行主语,真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing…是个固定结构(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒劳的/无益的”:

It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
为你的家人担心是无益的。

3.No matter how busy you are…
不管你多忙……

no matter可与疑问词(how, who, when, where, what等)一起引导让步从句,表示“无论”:
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
无论你到哪里,都无法忘记自己的家。

No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
无论我说什么,都似乎说得不当。

4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。

think of在这里的含义是“想出”,way在这里表示“办法”,a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth.,from可以省略:

I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你如果想去,我无法阻止。

5.You're not busy doing anything, are you?
你不忙,是吧?

这是一个附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句如果是肯定的,则附加疑问句通常用否定形式;陈述句如果是否定的,则附加的疑问句用肯定形式。陈述句中有助动词时,附加疑问句重复其中的助动词;如果没有,则用do的各种形式构成:

John was angry, wasn't he?
约翰生气了,不是吗?(肯定式 否定式)

He hasn't left, has he?
他没走,是吗?(否定式 肯定式)

I can see him, can't I?
我可以见他,不是吗?(情态助动词作助动词)

You like it, don't you?
你喜欢它,不是吗?(没有助动词时加do)

6.Would you mind my coming with you?
我跟你一道去行吗?

(1)Would/Do you mind…? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求意见的结构,其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示“同意/不介意”时,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”来回答;不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:

-Would you mind my smoking? -I am sorry, but I feel bad when people smoke near me.
—你介意我抽烟吗? —抱歉,有人在我旁边吸烟是我会不舒服。

(2)如果动名词的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词,作为动名词的逻辑主语(cf. 本课语法):
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我希望你不介意我呆在这儿。

语法 Grammar in use

动名词的一些用法

(1)在第20课的语法中,我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用,在第44课的语法中,我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词
(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等:

I like watching TV.
我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)

I'd like to watch TV.
我(现在)想看电视。(特定)

The strap needs mending.
这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)

(2)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意), suggest, stand(容忍)等:

I tried to avoid meeting him.
我试图避开他。

I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯。

I haven't finished speaking yet.
我还没有说完。

(3)有些结构通常要接动名词,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:
I'm busy making meat pies.
我正忙着做肉馅饼。

A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
一架状况尚好的兰开斯特轰炸机值得抢救。

He insisted on paying.
他坚持要付钱。

I'm interested in acting.
我对表演感兴趣。

(4)动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语(即动作执行者,而不是句子的主语):
He insisted on my paying the bill.
他坚持要我付账。

I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
我不认为孩子们喜欢你/他/约翰唱的歌。

Please excuse his not writing to you.
请原谅他没有给你写信。

Do you mind my smoking?
我可以抽烟吗?

Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
你/我可以开门吗?

(5)come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建议、邀请或叙事:
Why don't we go swimming?
为什么我们不去游泳呢?

Come dancing this evening.
今晚来跳舞吧。

Yesterday we went fishing.
昨天我们去钓鱼了。

(6)感知动词(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构,也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生,用于叙述中时使人身临其境;不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大,可以互相替换使用。试比较:

I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
我看到他爬树了。(区别不大)


编辑推荐:

新东方雅思培训辅导班

新东方雅思

雅思辅导

课程 文章 问答 资讯 评论 百科

注册/登录