来源:新东方在线
发布时间:2016-05-12
考研英语阅读、翻译等题型中多包含长难句,尤其阅读是考研英语中重要的得分点和难点,对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解。但有的同学遇到长难句,可能会感到迷茫,无所适从;其实英语里的所有句子,不管句子多长,结构多么复杂,看起来多难,无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成,或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即:主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的,所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法,再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。
考研英语长难句拆分要遵循这样的原则:把主句和从句拆分出来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。但是遇到长难句时,具体要从哪些地方切入进行拆分呢?
考研英语长难句拆分信号:
1、标点符号:比如,2个逗号形成插入语,破折号表示解释说明,分号相当于“and”表示并列;
2、连词:并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等,从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介词:介词引导介词短语,介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
4、不定式符号to:不定式符号to引导不定式短语,在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外,还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
5、分词:分词包括现在分词和过去分词,在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则,依照这些拆分信号,结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧!
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子结构
找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
找连词(when, that, that)
前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
确定主从句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;
从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(4)本句的参考译文
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
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