The sea is the common possession of allnations. It belongs equally to all. No one can take itentirely to themselves; nor is it‘foreign’to any one.

　　This was the decision of John Marshall, chiefJustice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Itwas made known as a basic rule of the sea that noone, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. Thismeans that outside territorial waters (the waters within three miles of a country‘s coast),the lawis whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest navy powers can enforcein wartime.

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　　After the United States bought Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who werehunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans said that the seals wereAmerican possession because they often came into the Alaskan shores owned by the UnitedStates. International judges disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, thespecial rights of a nation that makes good use of an open-sea area are recognized.

　　All of the sea‘s rules are set up by international conferences and agreements.

　　1.The idea that the sea‖ belongs equally to all‖ was put out by______.

　　A. an unwritten agreement

　　B. a U.S. Supreme Court decision

　　C. an international conference

　　D. a written agreement

　　2.The basic rule of the sea means that______.

　　A. any powerful nation may control the sea

　　B. any area of the sea belongs to the nation closest to it

　　C. no one has whole rights to the open sea

　　D. no nation has any sea rights

　　3.International judges decided that______.

　　A. Canada had no sealing rights off Alaska

　　B. the Canadians could hunt the seals

　　C. the United States could own the seals

　　D. the Americans could not hunt the seals

　　4.Nations may obtain special rights on open waters by______.

　　A. overrunning those waters

　　B. guarding the waters

　　C. using the waters regularly

　　D. spreading out their territorial waters

　　5.The main idea of this passage is that______.

　　A. the rule of the sea was made known by John Marshall

　　B. some nations are able to acquire special open-sea rights.

　　C. every nation owns its territorial waters

　　D. the laws of the sea should be set up by international agreements

　　答案

　　1.B

　　2.C

　　3.B

　　4.C

　　5.D

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