2016年职称英语考试复习全的单词记忆法

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来源:环球网校

发布时间:2016-02-23

词汇选择是职称英语中第一个考试项目, 它考察应试者在一定语境下对单词或短语的理解。从表面上,这是词汇的考题,实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。这里要给大家澄清一个概念,任何一种语言的语义最小单元是句子,而不是词。但是词汇或短语的理解对于句子的理解起着重要的作用。

词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。下面向大家推荐六种单词记忆法,仅供参考。

一、结合记忆法

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将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:

slope

n. ①倾斜;坡度;斜度

There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。

②斜面;斜坡

We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

vi. 倾斜。

The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。

critical

adj. ①批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的

I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

②紧要的,关键的;危急的

His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。

通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。

二、同类记忆法

将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记。注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。

如headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。

再如bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor (博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。

这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。

三、比较记忆法

把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。

例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.

A. started

B. finished

C. changed

D. made

答案:B

例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.

A. largely

B. possibly

C. just

D. rarely

答案:C

Merely/ only/ just

四、构词法记忆法

通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:

1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:

picture (n)画-picture (v)描绘

water (n)水-water (v)浇水

例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

A. behavior

B. style

C. mode

D. attitude

答案:A

解释:

Conduct (v.)引导,管理,为人,传导

Conduct (n.)操守,行为

Conductor (n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等

Semi-conductor 半导体

例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

A. suffer

B. accept

C. receive

D. endure

答案:D

解释:

bear (n.)熊

bear (v.)负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤

2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:

happy→ unhappy(加前缀) happiness(加后缀)

例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

A. promote

B. paint

C. polish

D. produce

答案:D

例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

A. mental

B. physical

C. natural

D. hard

答案:B

man-, manu- =hand

manage(管理), manual(体力的,手册), manuscript(手写稿), manufacture(生产), manumit(释放)

例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

A. every year

B. severely

C. actively

D. every month

答案:A

Ann= year

Anniversaire (French)

Anniversary, annals(编年史), annuity(年金)

3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:

wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

pea(豌豆) nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)

例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

A. judgement

B. result

C. decision

D. event

答案:B

五、根义记忆法

利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。

比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:

a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.

b) She is my immediate neighbor.

c) the immediate cause

若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义

中间没有间隔(地)

1)(时间)立刻;

2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,

3)(关系)直接

例题1:He will leave immediately.

A. far away

B. right away

C. right here

D. soon

答案:B

例题2:Can you follow the plot?

A. change (www.yingyukaoshi.com0

B. investigate

C. understand

D. write

答案:C

请看下面几句中的follow 分别都是什么意思?

She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、几组对容易混淆词进行特别记忆

(1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

We had an early breakfast. (形容词)

We went by a fast train. (形容词)

We had breakfast early. (副词)

Don't speak so fast.(副词)

(2)有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不过在字义上不同。

(A) easy “安适地”; easily “容易地”:

Stand easy!

He's not easily satisfied.

(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“显然地”;)

The bullet went clear through the door.

The thieves got clearly away.

(C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;

The birds are flying high.

He was highly praised for his work.

(D) Slow 和 slowly当副词时同义, 但 slow比 slowly语气强。

I told the driver to go slow(er)。

Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “几乎不”;

He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)

He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)

(F) just “刚才;仅”; justly “公正地”;

I've just seen him.

He was justly punished.

(G) late “迟”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

He went to bed late.

I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.

(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

The situation seems pretty hopeless.

She was prettily dressed.

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