来源:环球网校
发布时间:2016-11-25
(四)第四句型:主语 及物动词 双宾语
有些动词(主要是"授予动词")后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give, write, buy, send, make等
You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
这个句子也可使用以下结构:
You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 "to" 和 "for" 是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。
该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,特别是所用的介词:
to cure … of(治愈…)
to accuse …of(谴责…)
to convince… of(说服…)
to inform… of(通知…)
to notify… of (通知…)
to clean… of (清除…)
to warn…… of / against (警告…)
to cheat… of(欺骗)
to rob… of(抢劫…)
例如:
We have to inform the family of the patient's condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patient's condition? (我们得尽快将病人的病情通知其家属。/ 已经将病人的病情通知其家人了吗?)
注意下面句子的结构变化:
May I ask you a question? → May I ask a question of you?
直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同?
(五)第五句型:主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语
先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
1) 要不要 "to"的问题:
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。)
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:
n make, let, have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
I won't have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我)
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如:
The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
记住下面重要表达方式:
to have / get (something) done, 如:
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:
使用原则与上述大致相同。
2) 要不要 "it"的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
归纳:
n 在主语 宾语 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是"动词不定式"或"句子"时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n 考试时,判断要不要 "it",主要看句子后面有没有"动词不定式"或"句子",若有,要选 "it"
n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在"it"的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
A. it possible
B. possible
C. it is
D. it
该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
宾语 补足语
3) 记住以下短语:
to take…as(把…当作…)
to think of…as(把…看作…)
to regard…as(把…看作…)
to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
关于五个基本句型,重点要掌握每个句型的出题点,举一反三。
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